Ntuj pigments tsis yog tsuas yog xim zoo nkauj, saj qab zib ntshiab dyeing zoo, tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tsis muaj mob, thiab nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov as-ham xav tau los ntawm tib neeg lub cev, qee qhov kuj muaj lub luag haujlwm saib xyuas kev noj qab haus huv. Thiab cov xim hluavtaws vim muaj teeb meem kev nyab xeeb, kev siv uas tau maj mam tswj. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau nrhiav thiab tsim cov xim ntuj ntau dua tau dhau los ua kev txhim kho cov xim zaub mov hauv Suav teb qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Chili kua txob yog ib hom dav thaum muaj ntau yam zaub, ci liab xim, tuab thiab muaj kuab heev. Ib qho yooj yim kom loj hlob, kua txob liab pigment yog ib qho kev ruaj ntseg zoo, thiab muaj qee yam khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm thawj zaug thiab cov tshuaj pharmacological ntawm cov zaub mov xim xim.
Kua txob liab pigment yog raws li cov kua txob ua raw cov ntaub ntawv, kev siv hexane los yog subcritical butane muab rho tawm los ntawm lub siab carotenoid txiv kab ntxwv-liab xim zaub mov. Cov pigment no belongs rau terpene pigment, cov khoom yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm viscous kua, los yog yuav qhuav rau hmoov. Nws yog insoluble nyob rau hauv dej thiab muaj zoo thermal stability, acid thiab alkali tsis kam, lub teeb kuj thiab emulsification thiab dispersion. Kev daws ntawm capsicum pigment tuaj yeem qhia tob liab, txiv kab ntxwv liab, daj, lub teeb daj thiab lwm yam xim nyob ntawm qhov concentration. Thiab vim hais tias nws muaj carotene, -carotene thiab ntau yam vitamins, nws tus kheej muaj cov khoom noj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, yog li ntawd, cov kua txob kua txob tuaj yeem siv dav hauv cov zaub mov, tshuaj thiab tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab lwm yam khoom lag luam xim, nws cov xim tseem ceeb rau cov kua txob liab thiab kua txob liab thiab liab, yog carotenoid, suav txog 50% -60% ntawm tag nrho cov carotenoids. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws kuj muaj qee yam ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj xim capsaicin. Chili liab pigment xim yog ci, xim muaj nuj nqis, muaj zog xim muaj zog, zoo xim txuag cov nyhuv, tuaj yeem ua kom ntev lub txee lub neej ntawm cov zaub mov.
Capsaicin tau muab rho tawm ua ntej los ntawm txoj kev roj soluble thiab txoj kev hnyav. Roj soluble txoj kev, uas yog, nrog rau tsiaj thiab zaub roj (xws li ntses roj, paj rwb noob roj, soybean roj, zaub roj, txiv maj phaub roj, pob kws roj, thiab lwm yam) soaked chili kua txob daim tawv nqaij los yog kua txob, thiab ces cais tawm cov xim. yaj nyob rau hauv cov roj, qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog tias nws nyuaj rau cais cov roj thiab cov xim, thiab nws yog qhov nyuaj kom tau txais cov xim tuab. Hexane extraction thiab ib txoj kev extraction tshiab tsim nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no - subcritical butane low-temperature extraction method, tuaj yeem ua tau zoo heev chili liab pigment extraction, thiab muaj qhov zoo ntawm cov nplai loj, cov nqi qis, cov nqi xim siab. Qhov sib txawv ntawm ob txoj kev rho tawm yog nyob rau hauv kev siv cov zaub mov seem tom qab rho tawm. Tom qab lub extraction ntawm n-alkane zaub mov seem vim qhov kub ntawm ntau tshaj 100 degree direct steam desolvation, yog li cov zaub mov residue yuav dub, tsuas yog ua chiv los yog pub. Thiab subcritical low-temperature extraction ntawm pluas noj residue tom qab cov xim ntawm brownish-daj, qhov twg cov active tshuaj thiab cellulose thiab lwm yam khoom tsis tau hloov, nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj khoom haus kev lag luam tseem muaj ib tug siab tus nqi ntawm kev siv, xws li muab tub lim raws li chili sauce. kua txob hmoov spiciness regulator thiab lwm yam.
Subcritical low-temperature extraction ntawm chili liab pigment txheej txheemmuab faib ua peb txheej txheem:pretreatment, subcritical extraction, dehotterization.
1. Kev kho mob ua ntej
Chili kua txob → ntxuav → ziab, deseeding → crushing → granulation → mus rau txheej txheem extraction
Kev tu: kev nrhiav tau ntawm cov kua txob qhuav feem ntau muaj qee yam ntawm impurities thiab ntau cov kua txob, ua ntej tshem tawm impurities thiab chili stems. Kev ziab, deseeding: ziab kom yooj yim deseeding, deseeding tuaj yeem txhim kho cov ntsiab lus ntawm chav tsev xim.
Crushing: crushing muaj peev xwm ua kom puas lub koom haum thiab lub cev daim ntawv ntawm cov kua txob, txhim kho thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom, extraction yog conducive rau diffusion ntawm pigment molecules rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Qhov loj me me ntawm cov khoom crushed feem ntau yog 40 mus rau 60 mesh.
Pelletizing: Chili hmoov tau dhau los ntawm lub nplhaib tuag pellet tshuab, ua rau Φ4x8 pas nrig-puab pellets.
2. Subcritical butane extraction txheej txheem
Countercurrent extraction yog nqa tawm rau 5 lub sij hawm ntawm raw khoom ntawm chili peppers granulation, nrog rau cov khoom solubility piv ntawm 1: 1.3 thiab extraction kub ntawm 30-35 degree, thiab cov extract yog tau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm sib sib zog nqus liab muab tshuaj txhuam. Tom qab tsis tshua muaj kub desolvation pluas mov tuaj yeem ua tiav cov khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv.
3. Kev tshem tawm cov txuj lom
Paste extract yog tag nrho cov roj-soluble Cheebtsam ntawm chili peppers, feem ntau muaj cov kua txob liab pigment thiab capsaicinoids, uas txwv tsis pub siv cov kua txob liab raws li ib tug pigment, yog li yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov kua txob liab pigment nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj ntsim. Tam sim no, lub dehotting ntawm paprika liab pigment yog tsuas yog ib tug kua-kua extraction txoj kev. Kev siv 76% (v/v) ethanol ua cov kuab tshuaj tua kab mob thiab cov kua roj kua txob sib xyaw kom huv si, kom cov capsaicinoids yaj hauv ethanol theem, thiab tom qab ntawd siv cov theem capsaicinoid thiab qhov sib txawv ntom ntom ntawm ethanol theem centrifugal sib cais, roj muab tshuaj los ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm ethanol extraction, capsaicinoid-nplua nuj ethanol theem concentration rov qab ethanol, kom tau capsaicinoids, tshem tawm capsaicinoids tom qab oleoresin uas yog capsaicinoid liab pigment. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm paprika liab pigment yog: residual solubility nyob rau hauv paprika liab pigment Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 20, paprika liab pigment uas muaj dej yuav tsum tsis txhob kuaj pom tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3%, cov tawm los ntawm paprika liab pigment ntau dua los yog sib npaug. 9 Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 95%, tus nqi xim (460nm) Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 170 ~ 180. tawm ntawm acetone insoluble teeb meem tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3.
